Peerage: The group of individuals who hold titles of royalty or nobility.

As we continue to expand our family history research, going further back in time, it is inevitable that we will find an individual who was in the peerage of a country.  However, the minute you tie into the peerage/royalty of Europe, you become related to almost everyone who held a title.  Why?  Because of intermarriage between the royalty.  For political and land acquisition purposes, marriages were arranged.  It is not uncommon for the marriages to even be between children, and sometimes marriages were arranged at time of birth.

We find references to titles in ancient documents.  There are kings and queens in the Bible.  There were emperors in China and pharaohs in Egypt.

Origin of Titles:

Where did titles come from?  How did people become kings and queens, dukes and earls, etc.?

Let us turn the clock back thousands of years to a land far away. We are in a valley, lined with caves and in these caves, live families. They kill animals with rocks and clubs and gather plants in the valley to eat.  In one cave lives Ogg.  One day Ogg is rubbing two sticks together because he likes the scraping sound they make.  Suddenly he notices as he rubs the sticks, they get hot.  He keeps rubbing them together and they catch fire.  Ogg discovers fire.  He shares it with his family and they recognize that he is the smartest man in the cave and they ask him to be their leader.  They give him the title of Chief Ogg of the Flame.  The family grows and becomes the Fire Clan. 

In another valley close by, lives Blodo, a very strong man skilled with a club.  By virtue of his strength (and because everyone fears him), he assumes leadership of a group of caves and they call him Chief Blodo the Fearless.  The families grow and eventually become the Clan of Warriors. 

Back to the Fire Clan.  Ogg’s sister Waba is picking grass and some of the seed falls onto the ground and sprouts.  Waba sees that you can plant seed in a plot and get the same result without traveling great distances finding plants.  Waba discovers farming.  Ogg’s brother Glogg finds that if you put Waba’s grain into water and let it set, it ferments.  Glogg discovers beer! 

So Ogg’s family decides that they are smarter and better leaders than others in the Fire Clan and that they and their descendants should always be the leaders and the elite of the clan.  Now we have aristocracy! 

The concepts are simply human nature.  Aristocracy and nobility grow from people who may be smarter or stronger and possess the ability to conquer or govern others.

Ranking Titles:

Titles in life are ranked.  In industry a Corporate President, outranks a Corporate Vice President.  In the United States, They President outranks the Vice-President, and both outrank Cabinet Members.  In the military a General outranks a Colonel, A Sergeant outranks a Corporal who outranks a Private.

In royalty and nobility, A King outranks a Duke , who in turn outranks a Marquess, Earl, Count, or Viscount.  Barons, Lords of Manors and Knights are not nobility. 

Entering Titles in Genealogy Programs:

When we find a family member with a title, how do we enter it in our genealogy program? 

Titles are facts of importance.  They help define the individual and help in building family relationships.

Genealogy programs have a variety of fields to include information beyond simply the person’s name and dates and places of important events.  Fields such as Nickname, Prefix and Suffix fields exist to expand on the name.  Other fields such as Dynasty, Clan, House exist to identify family identities.  A program may have dozens of special fields. 

Which field in our genealogy program should be used for the Title?  If the program has a “Prefix” field, the Prefix field is used for royalty.  The following applies:

• Title                                       Entry in Prefix Field
• Holy Roman Emperor       Emperor.
• King of Spain                       King.
• Queen of Carinthia            Queen.
• Priince of Egypt                  Prince.
• Princess of Austria             Princess.
• Duke of Bedford                 Duke.
• Duchess of Brittany           Duchess.                              

All ranks below are entered as Lord.or Lady. in the prefix field.  These ranks include: Earl, Thane, Count, Countess, Viscount, Viscountess, Marquess, Marchioness, Baron, and Baroness.  A Knight is entered as Sir.  His wife is entered as Lady. unless she possesses as higher ranked title.

Why did I put a period behind each title including Lord and Lady? So the title will not be confused as being part of the name.  Yes, there are people whose first name is King or Prince or even Lady. 

Where do you enter the full title?  Most programs have many fields available for use such as:  Title of Nobility, Title(Nobility), Noble Rank, Noble Title, Peerage, etc.  Use the one that you feel best describes the individuals.  I use Title of Nobility.  For Archbishops, Nuns, Abbess, etc.  I use Title (Religion).  For Knights I use Title in the Other Section

No Prefix field in the program?  Use the Suffix field if available, in this case use the full title – King of Spain, Queen of Aragon, Prince of England, Duke of Bedford, Count of Autun, etc.

How do you enter titles for Political/Military.

I use the Prefix:  President, Governor, Sheriff, Col. Lt, Maj, General, Dr., Hon., Rev. etc. For full title, I use the Title field in the other section.

Suffix Field.  If you use the prefix for titles, use the suffix to complete the Title.  For instance if Henry V was King of England and you entered King in the Prefix Field, you may enter “of England” in the Suffix Field.  You may notice when you read about royalty in history, Henry V is usually called King Henry V of England not King of England, Henry V.  Occasionally see Henry V, King of England.  If you use the Prefix/Suffix method, you will have used the most commonly seen in articles.

Most titles are not present at birth.  Men/women are not usually born and Kings and Queens, Dukes, Earls, etc.  The titles are gained when a predecessor dies, at time of marriage, for a heroic act, by marriage, by conquest, etc.  Many titled persons have held multiple titles in their life.

Here is an example from my own lineage.  My 22^nd Great-Grandfather was Robert the Bruce, King of Scotland, born in 1274. 

This is how he is entered in my genealogy Program:

Surname:                  Bruce

Given Names:          Robert

Nickname:                The Bruce

Title (Prefix):            King.

Title (Suffix):            de Brus

In the Other Events section of his individual page, the following is entered:

Title of Nobility:  King of the Scots

Title of Nobility:  Earl of Carrick

Title of Nobility : 6^th Lord Annandale

I would think that my readers are English speakers and the genealogy program used is English language based.  The recommendations in this article are based on English being the user's language.

Do we enter a title as we find it on a source document?  We can. The problem is that since our program is in English, most readers will not understand the title if in a foreign language.  A German Count is called a “Graf.”  If we enter an individual as Graf Johann of Berlin, will people understand that Graf is his title, or will they think his first name is Graf?  Even though there is no established rule, it makes sense to convert a foreign title to its English equivalent unless the individual is famous and has been known historically by the foreign title.  We probably should not change Czar Nicholas to King Nicholas, or Julius Caesar to Julius the King.

Titles and their rank are almost consistent throughout Europe.  However, there are some titles that do not directly convert.  For Instance, some countries have titles such as Crown Prince (heir to throne).  England doesn’t use that designation.  England’s heir is the Prince or Princess of Wales instead.  Sometimes a title can have more than one English equivalent.  This is usually because of an internal family relationship.  In Scotland, a Thane’s equivalent is based on how much land he holds.  He is usually a Marquess, but he can be equivalent to an Earl or a Baron.  These are unusual circumstances.  Most titles can be directly converted to the English equivalent.  Another inconsistency is the Title of Earl.  This title does not have a direct tie to most countries.  It is a carry-over from Anglo-Saxon times.  In most countries an Earl is equivalent to a Count.

Consorts:  If a female marries a royal male, she assumes the female equivalent of the husband’s title with a certain provision.  These following scenarios illustrate royal marriages.

1.  Isabel is the ruling Queen of Sicily.  She marries Robert III, King of Modavia.  He is King Robert III.  She is Queen Isabel. 
2. Lady Ruth, the daughter of George, Earl of Berwick marries King Barney the 1^st of Scodovia.  They are King Barney and Queen Consort Ruth.

What is a Regent?  A person who is the ruler of a nation. Queen Elizabeth is the ruler of Britain. Prince Philip, her husband is not.  Elizabeth is the regent and Philip is her consort.  (Note:  Husbands of a regent queen are always referred to as a prince consort, never as King Consort)

What is a Consort?  Anyone who marries a person with a royal title is a consort unless that person holds the equivalent title on his/her own.  In the first instance, if Isabel and Robert divorce, she is still a Queen, the Queen of Sicily.   In the second instance if Ruth and Barney divorce, she is no longer a queen.  She goes back to being Lady Ruth of Berwick.

What is a Morganatic Marriage?  (Great Britain only) This is sometimes called a left-handed marriage.  It is the marriage between people of unequal social rank, which in the context of royalty prevents the passage of the regent’s titles and privileges to the spouse and children born of the marriage (Royal Marriages Act 1772). The children are legitimate but cannot take the title of the reigning parent.  However, this does not apply to Queen Elizabeth and Prince Philip because she wasn’t queen at time of marriage.  She was a princess, he was a prince, therefore of equal rank.

TITLES IN THE BRITISH ISLES

• ENGLISH – England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Title	Class
King/Queen	Royalty
Prince/Princess	Royalty
Duke/Duchess	Nobility
Marquess/Marchioness	Nobility
Earl/Countess	Nobility
Viscount/Viscountess	Nobility
Baron/Baroness	Nobility
Feudal Baron (Scotland)	Nobility (but not peerage)
Laird (Scotland) may be a Clan Chief	Minor Nobility
Baronet (Scotland)	Gentry - Aristocracy
Knights/Dames	Gentry - Aristocracy

• WELSH (CYMRAEG) – Wales

TITLE	ENGLISH EQUIVALENT
Ymerawdwr/none	Emperor/Empress
Brenin/Frenhines	King/Queen
Tywysog Goron	Crown Prince
Tywysog/Tyrysoges	Prince/Princess
Dug/Dduges	Duke/Duchess
Iarll/Countess	Earl/Countess
Cyfrif/Countess	Count/Countess
Is-iarll/Is-Iarlles	Viscount/Viscountess
Baron/Barwnes	Baron/Baroness

• GAELIC – Ireland, Scotland

TITLE	ENGLISH EQUIVALENT
Impire/Ban-ìmpire	Emperor/Empress
Rìgh agus/’Bhanrigh	King/Queen
prionnsa a ’chrùin	Crown Prince
prionnsa /bana-phrionnsa	Prince/Princess
Diùc /Ban-diùc	Duke/Duchess
Iarla /Ban-iarla	Earl/Duchess
Cunta /Cuntaois	Count/Countess
Biocas/Viscountgess	Viscount/Viscountess
Baran/Baranachd	Baron/Baroness

• In Britain, Anglican Archbishops are considered royalty and Bishops and Lords of Parliament are considered nobility.
• A Prince or Princess, although royalty, usually do not outrank anyone unless they have another title.  For instance, Prince John may also be the Duke of Lancaster.  Even though he is called Prince John, His title of Duke holds more power in court politics than being a prince.  However, this was not true in France where the Crown Prince (Dauphin) held the rank below King and above Duc since he was next in line for the throne.
•   No single country in Europe had a ruler called Emperor.  The Holy Roman Empire ruled a vast region of Europe before the emergence of present-day countries.  Today’s countries ruled by the Holy Roman Empire include Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Austria, the Czech and Slovak Republics, as well as parts of eastern France, northern Italy, Slovenia and western Poland.  The first Holy Roman Emperor was Charlemagne, crowned in 800.  There was one other individual who had the title of Emperor but just in Saxony.  That was Otto, Duke of Saxony in 962. 

I have included the titles for Emperor and Empress, even though they have not been used since medieval times.  Why?  If you find Charlemagne and descendants holding the title in the genealogy of that country, the title will be in the language of that country and you may desire to translate it into English.  I have also left it in Russia, because the Czar was the equivalent of Emperor.

The following charts show titles for several European countries and the English equivalent. 

TITLES BY LANGUAGE IN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

• BASQUE – France, Spain

TITLE	ENGLISH EQUIVALENT
Emperorra/Empresa	Emperor/Empress
Errege/Erregina	King/Queen
Printze Koroa	Crown Prince
Printze/Printzesa	Prince/Princess
Duke/Duchess	Duke/Duchess
Earl/Kondessa	Earl/Countess
Zenbakia/Kondesa	Count/Countess
Página/Viscountess	Viscount/Viscountess
Baroia/Baronesa	Baron/Baroness

• BULGARIAN – Bulgaria

TITLE	ENGLISH EQUIVALENT
ИМПОРТ/ЕМПРЕС (Import/Empress)	Emperor/Empress
Цар/кралица (Tsar/Kralitsa)	King/Queen
Престолонаследник (Prestolonaslednik)	Crown Prince
Принц/принцеса (Prints/Printesa)	Prince/Princess
Дюк/херцогиня (Dyuk/Khertsoginya)	Duke/Duchess
Ърл/ Графиня (Ŭrl /Grafinya)	Earl/Countess
Граф/Rрафиня (Graf/Grafinya)	Count/Countess
Виконт/Bисконтеса (Vikont/Viskontesa)	Viscount/Viscountess
Барон/баронеса (Baron/Baronesa)	Baron/Baroness

• CATALAN – Italy

TITLE	ENGLISH EQUIVALENT
Emperador/Empresa	Emperor/Empress
Rei/Reina	King/Queen
Príncep hereu	Crown Prince
Príncep/Princesa	Prince/Princess
Duc/Duquessa	Duke/Duchess
Comte/Comtessa	Count/Countess
Vescomte/Vescomtessa	Viscount/Viscountess
Baró/Baronessa	Baron/Baroness

• CROATIAN – Croatia

TITLE	ENGLISH EQUIVALENT
Car/Carica	Emperor/Empress
Kralj/Kraljica	King/Queen
Kraljević	Crown Prince
Princ/Princeza	Prince/Princess
Duke/Vojvotlinje	Duke/Duchess
Markiz/Markiza	Marquis/Marquessa
Earl/Grofica	Earl/Countess
Grof/Grofica	Count/Countess
Vikont/Vikontica	Viscount/Viscountess
Baron/Barunica	Baron/Baroness

• CZECH – Czechia (Czech Republic)

TITLE	ENGLISH EQUIVALENT
Císař/Císařovna	Emperor/Empress
Král/Královna	King/Queen
Korunní princ	Crown Prince
Prince a princezna	Prince/Princess
Vévoda/Vévodkyně	Duke/Duchess
Hrabě/Hraběnka	Count/Countess
Vikomt/Vikomtesa	Viscount/Viscountess
Baron/Baronka	Baron/Baroness

• DANISH – Denmark

TITLE	ENGLISH EQUIVALENT
Kejser/Kejserinde	Emperor/Empress
Konge/Dronning	King/Queen
Prins/Prinsesse	Prince/Princess
Hertug/Hertuginde	Duke/Duchess
Greve/Grevinde	Earl or Count/Countess
N/A	Viscount/Viscountess
Freherre/Frifrue	Baron/Baroness

• DUTCH – Belgium, Netherlands

TITLE	ENGLISH EQUIVALENT
Keizer/Empress	Emperor/Empress
Koning/Koningin	King/Queen
Kroonprins	Crown Prince
Prins/Prinses	Prince/Princess
Hertog/Hertogin	Duke/Duchess
Graaf/Gravin	Earl/Countess
Graaf/Gravin	Count/Countess
Burggraaf/Burggravin	Viscount/Viscountess
Baron/Barones	Baron/Baroness

• ENGLISH – England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland, Netherlands, Malta

TITLE

Emperor/Empress

King/Queen

Crown Prince

Prince/Princess

Duke/Duchess

Earl/Countess

Count/Countess

Viscount/Viscountess

Baron/Baroness

• FINNISH – Finland, Sweden

TITLE	ENGLISH EQUIVALENT
Keisari/Keisarinna	Emperor/Empress
Kinge/Dronning	King/Queen
Kruununprinssi	Crown Prince/Princess
Prinssi/Prinsessa	Prince/Princess
Duke/Herttuatar	Duke/Duchess
Markis/Markise	Marquess/Marquessa
Jarl/Kreivitär	Earl or Count/Countess
Varakreivi/Varakreivitär	Viscount/Viscountess
Paroni/Paronitar	Baron/Baroness

• FRENCH – Belgium, France, Luxembourg

TITLE	ENGLISH EQUIVALENT
Empereur/Imperatrice	Emperor/Empress
Roi/Reine	King/Queen
Dauphin	Crown Prince
Prince/Princesse	Prince/Princess
Duc/Duchesse	Duke/Duchess
Marquis/Marquise	Earl/Countess
Comte/Comtesse	Count/Countess
Vicomte/Vicomtesse	Viscount/Viscountess
Baron/Baron	Baron/Baroness

• FRISIAN – Germany, Netherlands

TITLE	ENGLISH EQUIVALENT
Keizer/Empress	Emperor/Empress
Kening/Keninginne	King/Queen
Kroanprins	Crown Prince
Prins/Prinsesse	Prince/Princess
Herzog/Herzog	Duke/Duchess
Earl/Groep	Earl/Countess
Greve/Groep	Count/Countess
Vi Kount/ViˌKountes	Viscount/Viscountess
Baron/Baronesse	Baron/Baroness

• GERMAN – Austria, Belgium, Germany, Luxembourg

TITLE	ENGLISH EQUIVALENT
Kaiser/Kaiserin	Emperor/Empress
König, Königin	King/Queen
Prinz/Prinzessin	Prince/Princess
Herzog/Herzogin	Duke/Duchess
Graf/Gräfin	Earl or Count/Countess
Viscount/Viscountess	Viscount/Viscountess
Baron/Baronin	Baron/Baroness

• GREEK – Cyprus, Greece

TITLE	ENGLISH EQUIVALENT
Αυτοκράτορα/Aυτοκράτειρα (Aftokrátora/Aftokráteira)	Emperor/Empress
Βασιλιάς/βασίλισσα (Vasiliás/Vasílissa)	King/Queen
Διάδοχος (Diádochos)	Crown Prince
Πρίγκιπας/πριγκίπισσα (Prínkipas/Prinkípissa)	Prince/Princess
Δούκας/Δούκισσα (Doúkas/Doúkissa)	Duke/Duchess
Κόμης/Κόμισσα (Kómēs/Kómissa)	Earl or Count/Countess
Υποκόμης/Υποκόμησσα (Ypokómis/Ypokómissa	Viscount/Viscountess
Βαρώνος/βαρόνη (Varónos/Varóni)	Baron/Baroness

• HUNGARIAN (MAGYAR) – Austria, Hungary, Slovenia

TITLE	ENGLISH EQUIVALENT
Császár/Császárnő	Emperor/Empress
Király/Királynő	King/Queen
koronaherceg	Crown Prince
Herceg/Hercegnő	Prince/Princess
Herceg/Hercegnő	Duke/Duchess
Gróf/Grófnő	Count/Countess
Vikomt/ViKomtessz	Viscount/Viscountess
Báró/Bárónő	Baron/Baroness

• ITALIAN -Italy, Slovenia

TITLE	ENGLISH EQUIVALENT
Imperatorer/Imperatrice	Emperor/Empress
Re/Regina	King/Queen
Principe/Principessa	Prince/Princess
Duca/Duchessa	Duke/Duchess
Marchese/Marchesa	Marquis/Marquise
Conte/Contessa	Earl or Count/Countess
Visconte/Viscontessa	Viscount/Viscountess
Barone/Baronessa	Baron/Baroness

• KASHUBIAN (POLISH)– Poland

TITLE	ENGLISH EQUIVALENT
Cesarz/Cesarzowa	Emperor/Empress
Król/Królowa	King/Queen
Pretendent Do Tronu	Crown Prince
Książę/Księżniczka	Prince/Princess
Książę/Księżna	Duke/Duchess
Hrabia/Hrabina	Earl or Count/Countess
Wicehrabia/none	Viscount/Viscountess
baron/Baronowa	Baron/Baroness

• LITHUANIAN - Lithuania

TITLE	ENGLISH EQUIVALENT
Imperatorius/none	Emperor/Empress
Karalius /Karalienė	King/Queen
karūnos princas	Crown Prince
Princas /Princesė	Prince/Princess
Kunigaikštis/Kunigaikštystė	Duke/Duchess
Skaičius/none	Earl or Count/Countess
Baronas/Baronienė	Baron/Baroness

• LUXEMBOURGISH – Luxembourg

TITLE	ENGLISH EQUIVALENT
Keeser/Keeserin	Emperor/Empress
Kinnek/Kinnigin	King/Queen
Krounprënz	Crown Prince
Prënz/Prinzessin	Prince/Princess
Groussherzog/Groussherzogin	Duke/Duchess
Grof a Gräfin	Earl or Count/Countess
Vicomte/none	Viscount/Viscountess
Baron/Baroness	Baron/Baroness

• MACEDONIAN – Romania

TITLE	ENGLISH EQUIVALENT
Император/царица(Emperator/Carica)	Emperor/Empress
Кралот/Kралицата (Kralot/Kralicata)	King/Queen
Престолонаследник (Prestolonaslednik)	Crown Prince
Принцот/Принцезата (Princot/Princezata)	Prince/Princess
Војводата/Bојвотката (Vojvodata/Vojvotkata)	Duke/Duchess
Ерл/Грофицата (Erl/Groficata)	Earl/Countess
Грофот/Грофицата (Grofot/Groficata)	Count/Countess
Виконт/Виконтенс (Vikont/Vikontens)	Viscount/Viscountess
Барон/бароница (Baron/Baronica)	Baron/Baroness

• MALTESE – Malta

TITLE	ENGLISH EQUIVALENT
Imperatur/none	Emperor/Empress
Re/Reġina	King/Queen
Kuruna tal-Prinċep	Crown Prince
Prinċep/Princess	Prince/Princess
Duka/Dukessa	Duke/Duchess
Konti/Kontessa	Earl or Count/Countess
Viskont/Viskonti	Viscount/Viscountess
Barun/Barunessa	Baron/Baroness

• NORWEGIAN - Norway

TITLE	ENGLISH EQUIVALENT
Keiser/Keiserinne	Emperor/Empress
Konge/Dronning	King/Queen
Kronpins	Crown Prince
Prins/Prinsesse	Prince/Princess
Hertug/Hertuginne	Duke/Duchess
Grev/Grevinne	Count/Countess
Baron/Baroness	Baron/Baroness

• PORTUGUESE – Portugal

TITLE	ENGLISH EQUIVALENT
Imperador/Imperatriz	Emperor/Empress
Rei/Rainha	King/Queen
Príncipe herdeiro	Crown Prince
Príncipe/Princesa	Prince/Princess
Duque/Duquesa	Duke/Duchess
Conde/Condessa	Count/Countess
Visconde/Viscondessa	Viscount/Viscountess
Barão/Baronesa	Baron/Baroness

• ROMANIAN – Romania

TITLE	ENGLISH EQUIVALENT
Împărat/Împărăteasă	Emperor/Empress
Rege/Regină	King/Queen
Prințul Prințului	Crown Prince
Printul/Prințesa	Prince/Princess
Duce/Ducesă	Duke/Duchess
Contele/Contesă	Count/Countess
Viconte/Vicontesă	Viscount/Viscountess
Baronul/Baroana	Baron/Baroness

• RUSSIAN – Belarus, Russia

TITLE	ENGLISH EQUIVALENT
Imperator - Tsar/Tsarina	Emperor/Empress
Korol/Koroleva	King/Queen
Prints/Printsessa	Prince/Princess
Gertsog/ Gertsoginya	Duke/Duchess
Graf/Grafinya	Earl or Count/Countess
Vikont/vikontessa	Viscount/Viscountess
Baron/Baronessa	Baron/Baroness

• SLOVENIAN – Austria, Slovenia

TITLE	ENGLISH EQUIVALENT
Cesar/none	Emperor/Empress
Kralj/Kraljica	King/Queen
Prestolonaslednik	Crown Prince
Princ/Princesa	Prince/Princess
Vojvoda/Vojvodinja	Duke/Duchess
Grof/Grofica	Count/Countess
Vikont/Vikcountess	Viscount/Viscountess
Baron/Baronica	Baron/Baroness

• SPANISH – Spain

TITLE	ENGLISH EQUIVALENT
Emperador/Empresa	Emperor/Empress
Rey/Reina	King/Queen
Príncipe heredero	Crown Prince
Principe/Princesa	Prince/Princess
Duque/Duquesa	Duke/Duchess
Conde/Condesa	Earl or Count/Countess
Vizdonde/Vizcondesa	Viscount/Viscountess
Barón/Baronesa	Baron/Baroness

• SWEDISH - Sweden

TITLE	ENGLISH EQUIVALENT
Kejsare/Kejsarinna	Emperor/Empress
Kung/Drottning	King/Queen
Kronprins	Crown Prince
Prins/Prinsessa	Prince/Princess
Heertig/Hertiginna	Duke/Duchess
Jarl/Grevinnan	Earl/Countess
Grev/Grevinnan	Count/Countess
Baron/Baroness	Baron/Baroness

• TURKISH – Cyprus (Note: Turkey is not in Europe)

TITLE	ENGLISH EQUIVALENT
Imparator/İmparatoriçe	Emperor/Empress
Kral/Kraliçe	King/Queen
Veliaht Prens	Crown Prince
Prens/Prenses	Prince/Princess
Dük/Düşes	Duke/Duchess
Kont/Kontes	Earl or Count/Countess
Vikont/Vikontes	Viscount/Viscountess
Baron/Barones	Baron/Baroness